Informatics Publishing Limited

M. S. Lokesh ¹, S. V. Patil ², S. B. Gurumurthy ², M. G. Palakshappa ³, M. Anandaraj ⁴

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Spices, Horticulture Research Station (U.H.S.) Sirsi, UTTARA Kannada Karnataka, IN
2 College of Horticulture (U.H.S.) Sirsi, UTTARA Kannada karnataka, IN
3 AICRP on Sesame and Niger, University of Agricutural Sciences, Dharwad karanataka, IN
4 Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut Kerela, IN

Abstract

Phytophthora foot rot (Phytophthora capsici) of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is most devastating disease in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka which is situated in Central Western Ghats. The antagonistic organisms viz., Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, Laetiseria arvalis, and Bacillus subtilis were tested against P.capsici in pot culture by adding infected material to healthy vine. Among the four bioagents tried, Trichoderam viride and T. harzianum were effective in reducing the incidence of the disease as compared to Laetiseria arvalis, and Bacillus subtilis. The disease incidence was maximum in untreated vines.

Keywords

Black Pepper, Trichoderma Viride, T. Harzianum, Laetiseria Arvalis, Bacillus Subtilis, Foot Rot

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S. V. Patil ¹, S. I. Halikatti ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture (UAS), Dharwad, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to study the impact of weather on performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with organic manures and various levels of rock phosphate with PSB grown in vertisol of northern dry zone of Karnataka, at Agricultural Research Station, Annigeri, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka during Rabi season of 2009-10 and 2010-11.The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. There were nine treatment combinations consisting of two organic manures viz., compost and FYM with four levels of rock phosphate (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha^-1) and an absolute control treatment for comparison. In both the years 2009-10 and 2010- 11 the yield attributing parameters like number of pods per plant(67.76), number of seeds per pod(1.12), test weight(20.71gram), grain yield (2130 kg/ha) and halum yield (3300 kg/ha) were recorded with the treatment combination of compost 5 t along with rock phosphate 200 kg / ha compared to other treatment combination and absolute control.

Keywords

Chickpea, Organic Manures, Compost, Fym, Rock Phosphate

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M. S. Lokesh ¹, S. V. Patil ², S. B. Gurumurthy ², M. G. Palakshappa ³

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Spices, Horticulture Research Station, (U.H.S.) Sirsi, Uttara kannada karnataka, IN
2 College of Horticulture (U.H.S.) Sirsi, Uttara kannada karnataka, IN
3 AICRP on Sesame and Niger, University of Agricutural Sciences, Dharwad karnataka, IN

Abstract

Phytophthora foot rot is a serious disease in black pepper in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. Application of systemic fungicide, potassium phosphonate @ 0.3 per cent alone as spraying (3 l/vine) and drenching (5 l/vine) or integration of systemic fungicide, potassium phosphonate @ 0.3 per cent as spraying and drenching with bioagent, Trichoderma viride @ 50 g/vine along with 5 kg of farm yard manure to the basin of the black pepper vines during June and August were effective in reduction of disease incidence of Phytophthora foot rot of black pepper.

Keywords

Phytophthora Foot Rot, Potassium Phosphonate, Trichoderma Spp

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M. S. Lokesh ¹, V. Suryanarayana ², S. V. Patil ³, M. G. Palakshappa ⁴, S. B. Gurumurthy ⁵

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Spices, Horticulture Research Station, Sirsi, Uttara kannada Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Forestry, Sirsi ,Uttara kannada Karnataka, IN
3 Deparment of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Sirsi, Uttara kannada Karnataka, IN
4 AICRP on Seasame and Niger,University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad Karnataka, IN
5 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Horticulture, Sirsi, Uttara kannada Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Dropping of immature arecanut due to anthracnose was reduced (15.55 %) by application of difenconazole @ 0.1 per cent twice during April and May, 2009. Hexaconazole @ 0.1% application twice was also effective in reduction (18.88 %) of anthracnose of arecanut during summer. This was followed by Carbendazim + Mancozeb (Saff ) @0.2 % application twice wherein there was reduction of disease 23.32 %. Carbendazim @ 0.1% spraying twice also minimized (26.66%) button dropping of arecanut. However, Copper oxychloride @ 0.3% twice (35.55 %) and Potassium phosphonate @ 0.3% (38.88 %) twice were less effective in control of the disease. Maximum disease incidence was recorded in untreated bunches (55.55 per cent).

Keywords

Anthracnose of Arecanut, Fungitoxicant, Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides

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M. S. Lokesh ¹, S. V. Patil ², S. B. Gurumurthy ³, M. G. Palakshappa ⁴, M. Anandaraj ⁵

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Spices, Horticulture Research Station (U.H.S.) Sirsi, Uttara kannada Karnataka, IN
2 College of Horticulture (U.H.S.) Sirsi, Uttara kannada Karnataka
3 College of Horticulture (U.H.S.) Sirsi, Uttara kannada Karnataka, IN
4 AICRP on Sesame and Niger, University of Agricutural Sciences, Dharwad Karnataka, IN
5 Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut Kerala

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) an important spice crop is seriously damaged during monsoon by soft rot causing organism, Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson.) Fliz. in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. Application of Pseudomonas fluorescens (@ 1 per cent at 108 cfu) as seed treatment and three sprays at 15 days interval from 30 days after planting showed reduced incidence of soft rot disease and improved the vigour and yield of the crop.

Keywords

Ginger Soft Rot, Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Trichoderma Harzianum, Bordeaux Mixture, Copper Oxychloride

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A. Prashantha ¹, Arun R. Sataraddi ², S. V. Patil ³, M. S. Lokesh ⁴, S. B. Gurumurthy ¹, K. Chandan ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Horticulture, [U.H.S.(B)], Sirsi, Uttara Kannada Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, [U.A.S.(D.)],Bijapur Karnataka, IN
3 AICRP on Spices, Horticulture Research Station [U.H.S.(B.)], Sirsi, Uttara Kannada Karnataka, IN
4 College of Horticulture, [U.H.S.(B)], Sirsi, Uttara Kannada Karnataka

Abstract

The severity of pomegranate anthracnose was more in Bagalkot district (35.84%) followed by Koppal (27.22%), Bijapur (24.85%) and Raichur (18.14%) districts. The identity of the fungus was confirmed as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc and deposited at NCFT, New Dehli. The isolates of C. gloeosporioides showed maximum growth on Potato dextrose agar and Richard's broth on 13 th day after incubation at 27±1oC. There was variability among eight isolates of C. gloeosporioides with respect to type of growth, mycelial colour, pigmentation, size of the spore and sporulation. The highest radial growth and sporulation of the fungus was recorded at 30 oC, with 100 per cent relativ

Keywords

Pomegranate, Anthracnose colletotrichumgloeosporioides

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A. Prashantha ¹, Arun R. Sataraddi ², S. V. Patil ¹, M. S. Lokesh ³, K. Chandan ⁴, S. B. Gurumurthy ⁴

Affiliations
1 College of Horticulture [U.H.S.(B)], Sirsi, Uttara khannada Karnataka, IN
2 College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad Karnataka, IN
3 AICRP on Spices Horticulture Research Station [U.H.S.(B.)], Sirsi, Uttara kannada Karnataka, IN
4 College of Horticulture [U.H.S.(B)], Sirsi, Uttara kannada Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a commercially an important fruit of both tropical and subtropical countries and belongs to the family Punicaceae. The fruits are susceptible to various biotic stress caused by fungi, bacteria and physiological disorders. Among the various fungal diseases, anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc.) is one of the most serious diseases of pomegranate worldwide. Like many of pathogenic fungi it also remains latent during maturity of the fruit and expresses symptoms during storage. Further, conidia of the C. gloeosporioides which are abundant in the atmosphere of tropical plantation may lodge on the surface of the fruits as the fruits approaching maturity. Propagules of the pathogen cause lesions and decay of the fruit. Among the chemicals inducing systemic resistance viz., salicylic acid and benzoic acid were found more effective in reducing the per cent disease index with high total soluble solid, low total titrable acidity and less physiological loss in weight after eight days of storage.

Keywords

Pomegranate, Anthracnose, Chemicals Inducing Systemic Resistance, Bioagents, Botanicals

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P. Chandran ¹, P. Tiwary ¹, T. Bhattacharyya ¹, C. Mandal ¹, J. Prasad ¹, S. K. Ray ¹, D. Sarkar ¹, D. K. Pal ², D. K. Mandal ¹, G. S. Sidhu ³, K. M. Nair ⁴, A. K. Sahoo ⁵, T. H. Das ⁵, R. S. Singh ⁶, R. Srivastava ¹, T. K. Sen ¹, S. Chatterji ¹, N. G. Patil ¹, G. P. Obireddy ¹, S. K. Mahapatra ³, K. S. Anil Kumar ⁴, K. Das ⁵, A. K. Singh ⁶, S. K. Reza ⁷, D. Dutta ⁵, S. Srinivas ⁴, K. Karthikeyan ¹, M. V. Venugopalan ⁸, K. Velmourougane ⁸, A. Srivastava ⁹, Mausumi Raychaudhuri ¹⁰, D. K. Kundu ¹⁰, K. G. Mandal ¹⁰, G. Kar ¹⁰, J. A. Dijkshoorn ¹¹, N. H. Batjes ¹¹, P. S. Bindraban ¹¹, S. L. Durge ¹, G. K. Kamble ¹, M. S. Gaikwad ¹, A. M. Nimkar ¹, S. V. Bobade ¹, S. G. Anantwar ¹, S. V. Patil ¹, K. M. Gaikwad ¹, V. T. Sahu ¹, H. Bhondwe ¹, S. S. Dohtre ¹, S. Gharami ¹, S. G. Khapekar ¹, A. Koyal ⁴, K. Sujatha ⁴, B. M. N. Reddy ⁴, P. Sreekumar ⁴, D. P. Dutta ⁷, L. Gogoi ⁷, V. N. Parhad ¹, A. S. Halder ⁵, R. Basu ⁵, R. Singh ⁶, B. L. Jat ⁶, D. L. Oad ⁶, N. R. Ola ⁶, K. Wadhai ¹, M. Lokhande ¹, V. T. Dongare ¹, A. Hukare ¹, N. Bansod ¹, A. H. Kolhe ¹, J. Khuspure ¹, H. Kuchankar ¹, D. Balbuddhe ¹, S. Sheikh ¹, B. P. Sunitha ⁴, B. Mohanty ³, D. Hazarika ⁷, S. Majumdar ⁵, R. S. Garhwal ⁶, A. Sahu ⁸, S. Mahapatra ¹⁰, S. Puspamitra ¹⁰, A. Kumar ⁹, N. Gautam ¹, B. A. Telpande ¹, A. M. Nimje ¹, C. Likhar ¹, S. Thakre ¹

Affiliations
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi, 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
11 ISRIC, Wageningen, NL

Abstract

Soil information system in SOTER (soil and terrain digital database) framework is developed for the Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) and black soil regions (BSR) of India with the help of information from 842 georeferenced soil profiles including morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils in addition to the site characteristics and climatic information. The database has information from 82 climatic stations that can be linked with the other datasets. The information from this organized database can be easily retrieved for use and is compatible with the global database. The database can be updated with recent and relevant data as and when they are available. The database has many applications such as inputs for refinement of agroecological regions and sub-regions, studies on carbon sequestration, land evaluation and land (crop) planning, soil erosion, soil quality, carbon and crop modelling and other climate change related research. This warehouse of information in a structured framework can be used as a data bank for posterity.

Keywords

Black Soil Region, Database, Indo-Gangetic Plains, SOTER.

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G. R. Rajakumar ¹, S. V. Patil ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Foresry (U.A.S.), Sirsi (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Agronomy, Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, UHS Campus, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

In recent years, nut drop in arecanut crop is becoming a common problem in Western Ghats soils of Uttar Kannada district. To find out the reasons for nut drop in arecanut, a research was conducted during 2010-11 and 2011-12 in the area involving survey of nut drop affected fields, collection of soil samples from the affected fields and their analysis. The soils were analysed for pH, EC, organic carbon, available NPK, DTPA-Zn and available boron. The soils of the area match with the laterite characters. The initial data (before onset of monsoon) indicated that the soils were acidic in lower depths while neutral in surface soils, low in EC, low in available P, DTPA-Zn and available boron. The available K was low to medium. However, the soils were found medium to high in organic carbon and available N. The soil samples were also collected after receipt of rainfall and analyzed. The results indicated that the soil pH was slightly lowered but EC and available K were lowered more as compared to intial values. Similarly the organic carbon and available N were increased but DTPA-Zn and available B were remained low and not affected much as compared to initial status. Depth-wise soil analysis indicated that surface soil were having more acidic pH, low salts, higher organic C, higher available NPK than sub-soils. Further, these were lowered after receipt of rain, particularly EC and potash. The available Zn and B remained deficient. The available K, DTPA-Zn and available B were found to be deficient in these soils and need to be corrected immediately after heavy rains. The nutrients and other soil properties status if not improved may become constraints for nut drop in arecanut. To improve the soil pH, it is necessary to apply lime / dolomite, to improve EC level and available potash status of soil there is a need to apply extra dose of potash to soil than the recommended dose. To increase available P in acidic soils, there is a need to apply rock phosphate. Since the available N is medium to high, the recommended N may be continued. The recommended dose of Zn and B have to be applied before onset of monsoon and if nut drop prevails these have to be applied immediately after receipt of rains.

Keywords

Nutrient Constraints, Arecanut, Heavy Rainfall, Acid Soils, Laterite.

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S. V. Patil ¹, N. J. Thakor ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Process Engineering, Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Coconut plantation is abundant in konkan region of Maharashtra (India). Small landholders can improve their income through value added activities in downstream processing of coconut. One such activity would be to dry copra for preservation and subsequent oil extraction. Copra drying in konkan region is practiced largely through sun drying and chula drying. In both these drying methods, copra quality deteriorates significantly due to either open fire smoke, dust and mould growth in sun drying. There is need to have a natural convection indirect heating small mechanical copra dryer suited to the requirements of konkan farmers. This paper present design and testing of natural and forced convection indirect heating small mechanical dryer using agricultural waste as fuel. Components of dryer were drying chamber housing with two trays inside, heating chamber, burning cum heat exchanging unit i.e. furnace and chimney. The capacity of the dryer is 50 kg coconuts per batch (to hold coconut halves 50 % (w.b.) moisture content). The dryer was tested for drying performance in respect of drying air temperature, fuel consumption and quality of dried copra after the drying. The total area required for housing the dryer is 0.81 m2. This is suitable dryer for drying of coconuts in rainy season when sun light is seldom available and chance of contaminants from quality point of view is minimum.

Keywords

Agricultural Waste, Copra Dryer, Coconut Plantation.

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G. R. Rajakumar ¹, S. V. Patil ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Natural Resources Management, College of Forestry (U.A.S.), Sirsi, Uttar Kannada (Karnataka), IN
2 Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, U.H.S. Campus, G.K.V.K., Post Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

It was planned to produce a kit by the authors at KVK, Sirsi, UAS, Dharwad during 2009-10. The so developed 'Om kit-Part-I' was released in Krishimela 2010 of UAS, Dharwad. Trials have been conducted during 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 at KVK, Sirsi (Uttar Kannada district) and during 2011-12 and 2012-13 at KVK, Hanumanamatti (Haveri district). Universal indicator is also available in the market as a ready product. Hence, production of such liquid was tried with available indicators suitable for specific ranges. The combinations were tried. The result is the DHUN indicator. The production of equipment was tried with available electrical devices with standard EC solutions suitable for specific ranges. The combinations were tried. The result is the SLIM stick. The salinity measurement is through this SLIM stick (Salinity Light Intensity Monitor stick). Ranjan Kumar Basak's soil testing methods were modified and brought into this kit method which clearly indicates the per cent of organic matter in soil very easily and quickly. It gives colour development (Orange yellow, olive green and bluish green for low, medium and high organic matter levels).

Keywords

Soil Testing Kit, pH Indicator, Salinity, Organic C.

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S. V. Patil ¹, S. I. Halikatti ², M. N. Thimmegowda ³, S. B. Gurumurthy ⁴, M. S. Lokesh ⁵

Affiliations
1 Deparment of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada (Karnataka), IN
2 Deparment of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Agronomy, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V.C. Farm, Mandya, IN
4 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Horticulture, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada (Karnataka), IN
5 Deparment of Plant Pathology. AICRP on Spices, Horticulture Research Station, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to study the influence of FYM, compost and rock phosphate with PSB on soil nutrient balance under organic cultivation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in vertisol at Agricultural Research Station, Annigeri, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka during Rabi season of 2009-10 and 20010-11. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. There were nine treatment combinations consisting of two organic manures viz., compost and FYM with four levels of rock phosphate(50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha^-1) and an absolute control treatment for comparison. Soil nutrient balances were worked for major nutrients (NPK) taking the initial soil status, nutrient addition, crop uptake and nutrient left in the soil after harvest. The higher negative N balance was recorded with organic manures applied with higher level of rock phosphate and minimum negative nutrient balance was recorded with absolute control.

Keywords

Nutrient Management, Compost, FYM, Rock Phosphate, Nutrient Balance, Chickpea.

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S. V. Patil ¹, S. I. Halikatti ², M. N. Thimme Gowda ³, S. B. Gurumurthy ⁴, M. S. Lokesh ⁵

Affiliations
1 Deparment of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada (Karnataka), IN
2 Deparment of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN
3 Department Agronomy, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V.C. Farm, Mandya, IN
4 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Horticulture, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada (Karnataka), IN
5 Deparment of Plant Pathology. AICRP on Spices, Horticulture Research Station, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to study the Influence of Integrated nutrient management practices on soil NPK nutrient balance under organic cultivation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in vertisol of northern dry zone of Karnataka, at Agricultural Research Station, Annigeri, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka during Rabi season of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. There were 18 treatment combinations consisting of four different organic manures in combination viz., farmyard manure (FYM), vermi compost (VC), glyricidia leaf manure (GLM), enriched compost EC, neem cake (NC) and four different liquid manures viz., panchagavya, biodigester, cow urine and vermiwash with two control treatments RDF and absolute control (water spray). Soil nutrient balances were worked for major nutrients (NPK) taking the initial soil status, nutrient addition, crop uptake and nutrient left in the soil after harvest. The maximum gain of NPK nutrients in soil over initial recorded with the treatment EC 1/3^rd + VC 1/3^rd + GLM 1/3^rd equivalent to 100% RDN + panchagavya @ 3 % spray at flower initiation and 15 days after flowering (DAF) during both the years.

Keywords

Nutrient Management, Liquid Manure, Nutrient Balance, Chickpea.

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M. S. Lokesh ¹, S. V. Patil ², M. G. Palashappa ³, S. B. Gurumurthy ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, AICRP on Spices, Horticulture Research Station (U.H.S.), Sirsi (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Sirsi (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Plant Pathology, AICRP on Sesame and Niger, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN
4 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Horticulture, Sirsi (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Arecanut (Areca catechu L.) an economically important plantation crop in Central Western Ghats of Karnataka is severely affected by Koleroga/ Mahali (Phytophthora meadii Mc Rae). Under congenial environmental conditions during monsoon, the disease become severe and leads to dropping of young buttons, rotting of dropped nuts, affected trees left without management leads to rotting of crown and in due course end up in death of the tree. By regular practice of 1 per cent Bordeaux mixture application to the bunches after the appearance of the disease does not give satisfactory control. The present investigation revealed that arecanut bunches treated with systemic fungicides viz., metalaxyl mancozeb 72 WP @ 2 gl^-1 as spray for twice showed effective reduction of the disease and increase in the yield.

Keywords

Koleroga/Mahali, Metalaxyl Mancozeb 72 WP, Bordeaux Mixture, Copper Oxychloride.

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T. Ganapathi ¹, S. V. Patil ², G. R. Rajakumar ³

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Hanumanamatti, Haveri (Karnataka), IN
2 Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre (U.H.S.), G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Forestry, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Appearance of red or yellow colour in any of the black pepper berries of a spike indicates optimum maturity. During the production of black pepper, harvesting is done at this stage. Open sun drying method is prevailing in Uttara district of Karnataka and in any other parts of the country too. Traditionally, black pepper is sun dried on a floor coated with cow dung slurry resulting in poor quality produce with less per cent recovery, oleoresin, piperine and aroma and ultimately resulting low market price. In CFTRI technique, the pepper berries/spikes are dipped in boiling water for one minute and then sun dried to get a quality produce. However, it is cumbersome and requires skill. An experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sirsi and in farmer’s fields of Siddapur Taluk, Uttar Kannada. In T₁ and T₄ whole spikes and de berried berries were sun dried in open sun on cement floor, respectively. Whereas in T₂ and T₅ whole spikes and de-berried berries were processed by dipping in hot water for one minute and then sun dried. In T₃ and T₆ whole spikes and de-berried berries were processed in between polythene sheets (200 gauge) for 2-3 hours (till they become black) on first day and then sun dried for 3-4 days. The dry weight of the produce was recorded and per cent recovery was worked out. The samples were analysed for physical and chemical characteristics like bulk density, aroma, colour, per cent oil, oleoresin, piperine and moisture at IISR, Calicut. The treatments T₃ and T₆ recorded higher recovery of dry berries, good colour, higher aroma and higher market price. In large scale studies T₆ performed better in recovery as well as quality parameters such as oleoresin and piperine contents.

Keywords

Black Pepper, Salarization, Oleoresin, Recovery.

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S. B. Gurumurthy ¹, S. V. Patil ², T. H. Shankarappa ², A. Prashant ², Ratnakar M. Shet ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Horticulture, Sirsi (Karnataka), IN
2 Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, U.H.S. Campus (G.K.V.K.) Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Horticulture, Sirsi (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on ischolar_maining and growth of black pepper and also to assess the symbiotic efficacy and the rhizosphere population of beneficial microflora in nursery stage at College of Horticulture, Sirsi for three years (2013-14 to 2015-16). The results of the investigation had clearly showed significant improvement in growth of black pepper when black pepper cuttings were inoculated withGlomus fasciculatum similar to that of cuttings treated with IBA (1000ppm) as compared to rest of the AM fungi and un-inoculated control. A matching trend was recorded with respect to per cent ischolar_main colonization and spore counts, population of beneficial rhizosphere microflora viz., free living nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizers. The inoculation of AM fungi also enhanced the shoot phosphorus concentration in black pepper.

Keywords

Am Fungi, Glomus fasciculatum, P Concentration, Rhizosphere Microflora.

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